What condition is defined as the hardening of the arteries?

The condition referred to as the hardening of the arteries is best defined as arteriosclerosis. This term encompasses a variety of conditions that lead to the thickening and stiffening of arterial walls, ultimately resulting in reduced elasticity and potential obstruction of blood flow. As arteries become hardened, they lose their ability to expand and contract effectively with each heartbeat.

Arteriosclerosis generally involves the gradual calcification and structural changes in the arterial walls, which can occur due to various factors, including aging and hypertension. This condition is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, as it can lead to complications such as heart attacks and strokes due to decreased blood flow and the potential for clots.

Atherosclerosis, while sometimes associated with arteriosclerosis, specifically refers to the build-up of fatty plaques within the arterial walls, rather than the broader hardening aspect itself. Hypertension is characterized by high blood pressure and is a risk factor for developing arteriosclerosis. Angina, on the other hand, is chest pain that occurs when the heart muscle doesn't get enough blood and is a symptom rather than a condition related to the hardening of arteries. Thus, arteriosclerosis is the accurate term to describe the hardening of the arteries.